Configuration file

The first input parameter in the configuration file is:

"""Set the full path to the flow executable and flags"""
flow --linear-solver=cprw --enable-tuning=true --enable-opm-rst-file=true --output-extra-convergence-info=steps,iterations --newton-min-iterations=1

If flow is not in your path, then write the full path to the executable (e.g., /Users/dmar/opm/build/opm-simulators/bin/flow). We also add in the same line as many flags as required (see the OPM Flow documentation here).

Note

If you have installed flow with MPI support, then you can run the simulations in parallel by adding mpirun -np N flow … where N is the number of cpus.

Tip

By executing flow -h you get an overview of the available flags in the flow simulator to improve/fix convergence and mass issues (i.e., by setting the flag --linear-solver=cprw to change the linear solver, by tightening the cnv tolerances (--tolerance-cnv), etc.).

Reservoir-related parameters

The following input lines in the configuration file are:

"""Set the model parameters"""
spe11c master     #Name of the spe case (spe11a, spe11b, or spe11c) and OPM Flow version (master or release)
complete gaswater #Name of the co2 model (immiscible, convective [convective requires a Flow version newer than 22-08-2024], or complete) and co2store implementation (gaswater or gasoil [oil properties are set to water internally in OPM flow])
corner-point      #Type of grid (cartesian, tensor, or corner-point)
8400 5000 1200    #Length, width, and depth [m]
420               #If cartesian, number of x cells [-]; otherwise, variable array of x-refinment
30,40,50,40,30    #If cartesian, number of y cells [-]; otherwise, variable array of y-refinment [-] (for spe11c)
5,3,1,2,3,2,4,4,10,4,6,6,4,8,4,15,30,9 #If cartesian, number of z cells [-]; if tensor, variable array of z-refinment; if corner-point, fix array of z-refinment (18 entries)
70 36.12          #Temperature bottom and top rig [C]
300 3e7 0.1       #Datum [m], pressure at the datum [Pa], and multiplier for the permeability in the z direction [-]
1e-9 2e-8         #Diffusion (in liquid and gas) [m^2/s]
8.5e-1 2500       #Rock specific heat and density (for spe11b/c)
0 5e4 1           #Added pore volume on top boundary (for spe11a [if 0, free flow bc]), pore volume on lateral boundaries, and width of buffer cell [m] (for spe11b/c)
150 10            #Elevation of the parabola and back [m] (for spe11c)

In line 5 you specify if you are using OPM Flow from the master branch or from the latest stable release (OPM-flow 2024.04 release). This since there are continuous changues in the OPM master branch. Then we will keep updating the decks for using Flow from master and also we will keep the framework to produce decks compatible for the latest OPM stable release. The immiscible model allows for faster prototyping while the complete model includes dissolution of the components in the gas and liquid phases, in addition to thermal effects. The convective model requires a Flow version newer than 22-08-2024; details on the model and keyword can be found in this link. Regarding the grid type, the cartesian mode generates an uniform grid with the defined number of elements in lines 9 to 11. The tensor grid allows to define arrays in each direction where the grid is first divided with the number of entries in the array, and after it divides each of these elements by the assigned number in the array entry. The corner-point mode generates a grid where the x and y direction are defined as in the array mode, but the cell faces in the z-direction follows the lines as defined in the lines_coordinates.geo script, resulting in 18 levels. Then, the z-refinment in each of these levels is set. See the configuration files in the tests and examples folder for the setting of these grids.

Corner-point grid generated by the configuration file (INJ0 the horizontal well and INJ1 the curve well). The top figure shows the 7 different facies, while the bottom figure shows the fipnum numbers used to identify the boxes (A, B, and C), sensors, and the required regions to report the benchmark data.

Soil-related parameters

The following entries define the properties of the different facies:

"""Set the saturation functions"""
(max(0, (s_w - swi) / (1 - swi))) ** 1.5                                                        #Wetting rel perm saturation function [-]
(max(0, (1 - s_w - sni) / (1 - sni))) ** 1.5                                                    #Non-wetting rel perm saturation function [-]
penmax * math.erf(pen * ((s_w-swi) / (1.-swi)) ** (-(1.0 / 1.5)) * math.pi**0.5 / (penmax * 2)) #Capillary pressure saturation function [Pa]
(np.exp(np.flip(np.linspace(0, 5.0, npoints))) - 1) / (np.exp(5.0) - 1)                         #Points to evaluate the saturation functions (s_w) [-]

"""Properties sat functions"""
"""swi [-], sni [-], pen [Pa], penmax [Pa], npoints [-]"""
SWI1 0.32 SNI1 0.1 PEN1 193531.39 PENMAX1 3e7 NPOINTS1 1000
SWI2 0.14 SNI2 0.1 PEN2   8654.99 PENMAX2 3e7 NPOINTS2 1000
SWI3 0.12 SNI3 0.1 PEN3   6120.00 PENMAX3 3e7 NPOINTS3 1000
SWI4 0.12 SNI4 0.1 PEN4   3870.63 PENMAX4 3e7 NPOINTS4 1000
SWI5 0.12 SNI5 0.1 PEN5   3060.00 PENMAX5 3e7 NPOINTS5 1000
SWI6 0.10 SNI6 0.1 PEN6   2560.18 PENMAX6 3e7 NPOINTS6 1000
SWI7    0 SNI7   0 PEN7         0 PENMAX7 3e7 NPOINTS7    2

"""Properties rock"""
"""K [mD], phi [-], disp [m], thconr [W m-1 K-1]"""
PERM1 0.10132 PORO1 0.10 DISP1 10 THCONR1 1.90
PERM2 101.324 PORO2 0.20 DISP2 10 THCONR2 1.25
PERM3 202.650 PORO3 0.20 DISP3 10 THCONR3 1.25
PERM4 506.625 PORO4 0.20 DISP4 10 THCONR4 1.25
PERM5 1013.25 PORO5 0.25 DISP5 10 THCONR5 0.92
PERM6 2026.50 PORO6 0.35 DISP6 10 THCONR6 0.26
PERM7    1e-5 PORO7 1e-6 DISP7  0 THCONR7 2.00

Visualization in ResInsight of the relative permeability and capillary pressure functions in the facie 1.

Well-related parameters

The last part of the configuration file sets the wells radius, location, and the injection schedule.

"""Wells radius and position"""
"""radius (0 to use the SOURCE keyword instead of well keywords), x, y, and z position [m] (final positions as well for spe11c)"""
0.15 2700. 1000. 300. 2700. 4000. 300. #Well 1
0.15 5100. 1000. 700. 5100. 4000. 700. #Well 2

"""Define the injection values ([hours] for spe11a; [years] for spe11b/c)"""
"""injection time, time step size to write results, maximum solver time step, injected fluid (0 water, 1 co2) (well1), injection rate [kg/s] (well1), temperature [C] (well1), injected fluid (0 water, 1 co2) (well2), ..."""
999.9 999.9    10 1  0 10 1  0 10
  0.1   0.1   0.1 1  0 10 1  0 10
   25     5     5 1 50 10 1  0 10
   25     5     5 1 50 10 1 50 10
   50    25    25 1  0 10 1  0 10
  400    50    50 1  0 10 1  0 10
  500   100   100 1  0 10 1  0 10

Warning

Keep the linebreak between the sections (in the current implementation this is used for the reading of the parameters).