WSEGAICD

Recognised by the OPM Flow parserSCHEDULE

The WSEGAICD keyword defines a multi-segment well segment to be an autonomous Inflow Control Device (“ICD”) as part of a completion for a multi-segment well. Note that the well must have been previously defined by the WELSPECS and WELSEGS keywords in the SCHEDULE section and that the data for the keyword should be repeated for each multi-segment completion that contains an autonomous ICD.

An ICD is a well completion component usually installed along the producing section of a well to minimize the unwanted water and gas breakthrough in an oil well, or early water production in a gas well, due to an uneven inflow profile over the completed interval. Permeability variations over the producing interval cause the high permeability zones to produce higher quantities of fluids than the lower permeability zones and this uneven producing fluid profile may result in bypassed hydrocarbons. Secondly, for horizontal wells, the pressure loss from the “toe” to the “heel” of the well again results in an uneven fluid profile over the producing interval. In order to rectify this ICDs can be installed so that the well fluids have to flow through an ICD before entering the tubing; thus, creating an additional “designed” pressure loss.

An autonomous ICD inhibits the production of high-mobility fluids such as water and gas since the pressure drop in each unit is dependent on fluid properties and mobility, the device automatically increases the pressure differential across zones with high water or gas saturations, thus choking back production from these zones.

Notes:

The keyword is followed by any number of records with each record terminated by a “/” and the keyword should be terminated by a “/”.

The total number of wells should be defined via the WELLDIMS keyword and the number of multi-segment wells should be declared on the WSEGDIMS keyword, both keywords are in the RUNSPEC section. In addition, the WELSPECS keyword should be used to define wells, the COMPDAT keyword to define the well completions for both standard wells and multi-segment wells, and the COMPSEGS keyword to define a multi-segment well segment completions. Finally, the WSEGSICD keyword can be used to define spiral ICD connections for the well. All the aforementioned keywords are described in the SCHEDULE section.

The equations used to calculate the pressure drop across the ICD are given below and illustrate how the pressure reduction is dependent on the density and viscosity of the fluid flowing through the device.

[%DELTA P``=`` left( {%rho _ mixture} over {%rho _ calibrated} right)^{%rho _EXP} cdot left({%mu _ calibrated} over {%mu _ mixture} right)^{%mu _EXP} cdot` ` %rho _ mixture` cdot ` %beta ` cdot ` left( q over {q _calibrated} right) ^(Q_EXP -`` 2) `cdot ` q^2]

(12.35)

Where:

ΔP= the pressure drop across the device.

ρmixture= the density of the mixture, as per:

[%rho _ mixture ``=``left( %alpha_oil ^ {a_1} cdot %rho_oil right)``+```left( %alpha_wat ^ {a_2} cdot %rho_wat right) ``+```left( %alpha_gas ^ {a_3} cdot %rho_gas right)]

(12.36)

ρcalibrated= CALDEN, the density of the calibrating fluid at surface conditions.

μcalibrated= CALVISC, the viscosity of the calibrating fluid at surface conditions.

μmixture= the viscosity of the mixture, as per:

[%mu _ mixture ``=``left( %alpha_oil ^ {b_1} cdot %mu_oil right)``+```left( %alpha_wat ^ {b_2} cdot %mu_wat right) ``+```left( %alpha_gas ^ {b_3} cdot %mu_gas right)]

(12.37)

β= ICDSTREN, the strength of the ICD as measured using the calibrated fluid.

q= the local flow rate through the ICD at local conditions adjusted for scaling

based on theICDLEN and NSCALFAC parameters in Table 12.118.

qcalibrated= CALRATE, the maximum surface flow rate for which the ICD was

calibrated.

ρexp= DENEXP, the density exponent in Table 12.118.

μexp= VISCEXP, the viscosity exponent in Table 12.118.

Qexp= RATEXP, the flow rate exponent in Table 12.118.

In equation (12.8)αi represent the volume fractions of oil, water and gas at local conditions and ai the density exponents of the three phases (A1, A2 and A3 in Table 12.118). Similarity for equation (12.37), αi represent the volume fractions of oil, water and gas at local conditions and bi the viscosity exponents of the three phases (B1, B2 and B3 in Table 12.118).

See also the WSEGSICD keyword in the SCHEDULE section for spiral ICDs, that operate in a similar fashion to autonomous ICDs.

Records

One or more records, each terminated by /

Items per record

22

Parameters

Example

The following example defines a multi-segment oil production well (OP01) using the WELSPECS, WELSEGS COMPDAT and COMPSEGS keywords, followed by the WSEGAICD keyword to define the autonomous inflow control devices for the well.
--
-- WELL SPECIFICATION DATA
--
-- WELL GROUP LOCATION BHP PHASE DRAIN INFLOW OPEN CROSS PVT DEN FIP
-- NAME NAME I J DEPTH FLUID AREA EQUANS SHUT FLOW TABLE CAL NUM
WELSPECS
OP01 PLATFORM 14 8 1* OIL 0.0 STD SHUT YES 0 SEG 0 /
/
--
-- WELL CONNECTION DATA
--
-- WELL --- LOCATION --- OPEN SAT CONN WELL KH SKIN D DIR
-- NAME II JJ K1 K2 SHUT TAB FACT DIA FACT FACT FACT PEN
COMPDAT
OP01 14 8 1 1 OPEN 1* 1.972960E+2 0.216 1* 0.00 1* 'Z' /
OP01 14 7 1 1 OPEN 1* 1.619450E+2 0.216 1* 0.00 1* 'Z' /
OP01 14 7 2 2 OPEN 1* 4.126449E+2 0.216 1* 0.00 1* 'Z' /
OP01 14 7 3 3 OPEN 1* 2.033290E+1 0.216 1* 0.00 1* 'Z' /
OP01 15 7 3 3 OPEN 1* 9.095613E+1 0.216 1* 0.00 1* 'Z' /
OP01 15 6 3 3 OPEN 1* 2.090607E+2 0.216 1* 0.00 1* 'Y' /
OP01 15 6 4 4 OPEN 1* 3.010669E+1 0.216 1* 0.00 1* 'Y' /
OP01 16 6 4 4 OPEN 1* 7.123814E+1 0.216 1* 0.00 1* 'Y' /
OP01 16 5 4 4 OPEN 1* 4.414386E+2 0.216 1* 0.00 1* 'Y' /
OP01 16 4 4 4 OPEN 1* 4.345126E+2 0.216 1* 0.00 1* 'Y' /
OP01 16 3 4 4 OPEN 1* 2.894573E+2 0.216 1* 0.00 1* 'Y' /
OP01 17 3 4 4 OPEN 1* 1.329523E+2 0.216 1* 0.00 1* 'Y' /
OP01 17 2 4 4 OPEN 1* 6.981252E+1 0.216 1* 0.00 1* 'Y' /
OP01 17 2 5 5 OPEN 1* 1.392382E+2 0.216 1* 0.00 1* 'Y' /
/
--
-- WELL SEGMENT SPECIFICATION DATA
--
-- WELL NODAL LEN WELL DEPH PRESS FLOW
-- NAME DEPTH TUBING VOLM OPTN CALC MODEL
WELSEGS
OP01 2041.56259 0.0000 1* INC 'HF-' /
--
-- SEG SEG BRAN SEG TUBING NODAL TUBE TUBE XSEC VOL
-- ISTR IEND NO NO LENGTH DEPTH ID ROUGH AREA SEG
2 2 1 1 9.56005 0.61168 0.152 0.0000100 /
3 3 1 2 17.40714 1.11376 0.152 0.0000100 /
4 4 1 3 41.24996 2.38255 0.152 0.0000100 /
5 5 1 4 38.35922 2.06899 0.152 0.0000100 /
6 6 1 5 27.13029 1.02248 0.152 0.0000100 /
7 7 1 6 73.45099 2.40389 0.152 0.0000100 /
8 8 1 7 54.95304 1.64832 0.152 0.0000100 /
9 9 1 8 12.37381 0.23781 0.152 0.0000100 /
10 10 1 9 62.61459 0.73403 0.152 0.0000100 /
11 11 1 10 106.9805 1.37749 0.152 0.0000100 /
12 12 1 11 88.42739 0.90931 0.152 0.0000100 /
13 13 1 12 51.59899 0.27327 0.152 0.0000100 /
14 14 1 13 24.75582 0.30814 0.152 0.0000100 /
15 15 1 14 29.77334 0.49371 0.152 0.0000100 /
--
-- PERFORATION VALVE SEGMENTS
--
-- SEG SEG BRAN SEG TUBING NODAL TUBE TUBE XSEC VOL
-- ISTR IEND NO NO LENGTH DEPTH ID ROUGH AREA SEG
16 16 2 2 0.10000 0 0.152 0.0000100 /
17 17 3 3 0.10000 0 0.152 0.0000100 /
18 18 4 4 0.10000 0 0.152 0.0000100 /
19 19 5 5 0.10000 0 0.152 0.0000100 /
20 20 6 6 0.10000 0 0.152 0.0000100 /
21 21 7 7 0.10000 0 0.152 0.0000100 /
22 22 8 8 0.10000 0 0.152 0.0000100 /
23 23 9 9 0.10000 0 0.152 0.0000100 /
24 24 10 10 0.10000 0 0.152 0.0000100 /
25 25 11 11 0.10000 0 0.152 0.0000100 /
26 26 12 12 0.10000 0 0.152 0.0000100 /
27 27 13 13 0.10000 0 0.152 0.0000100 /
28 28 14 14 0.10000 0 0.152 0.0000100 /
29 29 15 15 0.10000 0 0.152 0.0000100 /
/
--
-- MULTISEGMENT WELL COMPLETION SEGMENT SPECIFICATION DATA
--
-- WELL
-- NAME
COMPSEGS
OP01 /
--
-- --LOCATION-- BRAN TUBING NODAL DIR LOC MID COMP ISEG
-- II JJ K1 NO LENGTH DEPTH PEN I,J,K PERFS LENGTH NO.
14 8 1 2 0.000000 0.10000 /
14 7 1 3 0.000000 0.10000 /
14 7 2 4 0.000000 0.10000 /
14 7 3 5 0.000000 0.10000 /
15 7 3 6 0.000000 0.10000 /
15 6 3 7 0.000000 0.10000 /
15 6 4 8 0.000000 0.10000 /
16 6 4 9 0.000000 0.10000 /
16 5 4 10 46.76168 46.86168 /
16 4 4 11 0.000000 0.10000 /
16 3 4 12 0.000000 0.10000 /
17 3 4 13 0.000000 0.10000 /
17 2 4 14 0.000000 0.10000 /
17 2 5 15 42.50573 42.60573 /
/
--
-- MULTI-SEGMENT WELL ICD SEGMENT SPECIFICATION DATA
--
-- WELL SEG SEG ICD ICD CAL CAL EML EML EML SCAL CAL RATE VISC OPEN
-- NAME ISTR IEND STREN LEN DEN VISC CRIT TRAN MAX FAC RAT EXP EXP CLOSE
WSEGAICD
OP01 16 16 7.5e-5 -0.028975 1020 0.48 0.7 1* 1* 1* 1* 2.2 0.5 7* /
OP01 17 17 7.5e-5 -0.023783 1020 0.48 0.7 1* 1* 1* 1* 2.2 0.5 7* /
OP01 18 18 7.5e-5 -0.101240 1020 0.48 0.7 1* 1* 1* 1* 2.2 0.5 7* /
OP01 19 19 7.5e-5 -0.015022 1020 0.48 0.7 1* 1* 1* 1* 2.2 0.5 7* /
OP01 20 20 7.5e-5 -0.067205 1020 0.48 0.7 1* 1* 1* 1* 2.2 0.5 7* /
OP01 21 21 7.5e-5 -0.155410 1020 0.48 0.7 1* 1* 1* 1* 2.2 0.5 7* /
OP01 22 22 7.5e-5 -0.011141 1020 0.48 0.7 1* 1* 1* 1* 2.2 0.5 7* /
OP01 23 23 7.5e-5 -0.026362 1020 0.48 0.7 1* 1* 1* 1* 2.2 0.5 7* /
OP01 24 24 7.5e-5 -0.163410 1020 0.48 0.7 1* 1* 1* 1* 2.2 0.5 7* /
OP01 25 25 7.5e-5 -0.160830 1020 0.48 0.7 1* 1* 1* 1* 2.2 0.5 7* /
OP01 26 26 7.5e-5 -0.107180 1020 0.48 0.7 1* 1* 1* 1* 2.2 0.5 7* /
--
-- WELL SEG SEG ICD ICD CAL CAL EML EML EML SCAL CAL RATE VISC OPEN
-- NAME ISTR IEND STREN LEN DEN VISC CRIT TRAN MAX FAC RAT EXP EXP CLOSE
OP01 27 27 7.5e-5 -0.049206 1020 0.48 0.7 1* 1* 1* 1* 2.2 0.5 7* /
OP01 28 28 7.5e-5 -0.025824 1020 0.48 0.7 1* 1* 1* 1* 2.2 0.5 7* /
OP01 29 29 7.5e-5 -0.064414 1020 0.48 0.7 1* 1* 1* 1* 2.2 0.5 7* /
/
The WSEGAICD keyword defines the autonomous ICD over segments 16 to 29 using the default value for NSCALFAC of -1, which sets the scale factor equal to the absolute value of ICDLEN, as all the ICDLEN values are negative. Note that the WSEGAICD should be repeated for each multi-segment well that has this type of ICD. So for example for two wells one would have:
--
-- MULTI-SEGMENT WELL ICD SEGMENT SPECIFICATION DATA
--
-- WELL SEG SEG ICD ICD CAL CAL EML EML EML SCAL CAL RATE VISC OPEN
-- NAME ISTR IEND STREN LEN DEN VISC CRIT TRAN MAX FAC RAT EXP EXP CLOSE
WSEGAICD
OP01 16 16 7.5e-5 -0.028975 1020 0.48 0.7 1* 1* 1* 1* 2.2 0.5 7* /
...
OP01 28 28 7.5e-5 -0.025824 1020 0.48 0.7 1* 1* 1* 1* 2.2 0.5 7* /
/
-- WELL SEG SEG ICD ICD CAL CAL EML EML EML SCAL CAL RATE VISC OPEN
-- NAME ISTR IEND STREN LEN DEN VISC CRIT TRAN MAX FAC RAT EXP EXP CLOSE
WSEGAICD
OP02 17 17 1.75E-4 .0049945 1020 0.48 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 2.1 1.2 7* /
...
OP02 31 31 1.75E-4 .0038583 1020 0.48 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 2.1 1.2 7* /
/
Figure 12.16shows the layout of the two example wells.
[formula]
[formula]Figure Figure 12.16: Multi-Segment Well Example (Wells OP01 and OP02)
| [%DELTA P``=`` left( {%rho _ mixture} over {%rho _ calibrated}  right)^{%rho _EXP} cdot
left({%mu _ calibrated} over {%mu _ mixture}  right)^{%mu _EXP} cdot` ` %rho _ mixture` cdot ` %beta ` cdot ` left( q over {q _calibrated} right) ^(Q_EXP -`` 2) `cdot ` q^2] | (12.35) |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|
| [%rho _ mixture ``=``left( %alpha_oil ^ {a_1} cdot %rho_oil right)``+```left( %alpha_wat ^ {a_2} cdot %rho_wat right)
``+```left( %alpha_gas ^ {a_3} cdot %rho_gas right)] | (12.36) |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|
| [%mu _ mixture ``=``left( %alpha_oil ^ {b_1} cdot %mu_oil right)``+```left( %alpha_wat ^ {b_2} cdot %mu_wat right)
``+```left( %alpha_gas ^ {b_3} cdot %mu_gas right)] | (12.37) |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|

Manual source: parts/chapters/subsections/12.3/WSEGAICD.fodt