HM
PROPSREGIONS
Variant 1 — PROPS section
The HM series of keywords defines the history match end-point gradient parameters used to set the multiplicative cumulative end point data, for when the History Match Gradient option has been activated by the HMDIMS keyword in the RUNSPEC section. In addition, the End-Point Scaling option must also be activated by the ENDSCALE keyword which is also in the RUNSPEC section. The keyword consists of the first two characters of “HM” followed by the end-point keyword shown in Table 8.46, for example, HMSWL.
This keyword is not supported by OPM Flow but has no effect on the results so it will be ignored.
Type
End-Point
Keyword
Oil-Water End-Point Definitions
Saturation
SWL
Connate water saturation, that is the smallest water saturation in a water saturation function table.
SWCR
Critical water saturation, that is the largest water saturation for which the water relative permeability is zero.
SOWCR
Critical oil-in-water saturation, that is the largest oil saturation for which the oil relative permeability is zero in an oil-water system.
Relative
Permeability
KRW
Relative permeability of water at the maximum water saturation (normally the maximum water saturation is one).
KRO
Relative permeability of oil at the maximum oil saturation.
KRWR
Relative permeability of water at the residual oil saturation or the residual gas saturation in a gas-water run.
KRORW
Relative permeability of oil at the critical water saturation.
Capillary
Pressure
SWLPC
Capillary pressure connate water saturation, that is the smallest water saturation in a water saturation function table.
Type
End-Point
Keyword
Gas-Oil End-Point Definitions
Saturation
SGL
Connate gas saturation, that is the smallest gas saturation in a gas saturation function table.
SGCR
Critical gas saturation, that is the largest gas saturation for which the gas relative permeability is zero.
SOGCR
Critical oil-in-gas saturation, that is the largest oil saturation for which the oil relative permeability is zero in an oil-gas-connate water system.
Relative
Permeability
KRG
Relative permeability of gas at the maximum gas saturation.
KRGR
Relative permeability of gas at the residual oil saturation or the critical water saturation in a gas-water run.
KRORG
Relative permeability of oil at the critical gas saturation.
Capillary
Pressure
SGLPC
Capillary pressure connate gas saturation, that is the smallest gas saturation in a gas saturation function table.
Table 8.46: HM Keyword List
See also the HMPROPS keyword in the PROPS section that allows the use of the ADD, BOX, EQUALS, COPY, MINVALUE, and MAXVALUE keywords to be used with the HA and HM series of keywords.
Example
| Type | End-Point Keyword | Oil-Water End-Point Definitions |
|-----------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Saturation | SWL | Connate water saturation, that is the smallest water saturation in a water saturation function table. |
| SWCR | Critical water saturation, that is the largest water saturation for which the water relative permeability is zero. | |
| SOWCR | Critical oil-in-water saturation, that is the largest oil saturation for which the oil relative permeability is zero in an oil-water system. | |
| Relative Permeability | KRW | Relative permeability of water at the maximum water saturation (normally the maximum water saturation is one). |
| KRO | Relative permeability of oil at the maximum oil saturation. | |
| KRWR | Relative permeability of water at the residual oil saturation or the residual gas saturation in a gas-water run. | |
| KRORW | Relative permeability of oil at the critical water saturation. | |
| Capillary Pressure | SWLPC | Capillary pressure connate water saturation, that is the smallest water saturation in a water saturation function table. |
| Type | End-Point Keyword | Gas-Oil End-Point Definitions |
| Saturation | SGL | Connate gas saturation, that is the smallest gas saturation in a gas saturation function table. |
| SGCR | Critical gas saturation, that is the largest gas saturation for which the gas relative permeability is zero. | |
| SOGCR | Critical oil-in-gas saturation, that is the largest oil saturation for which the oil relative permeability is zero in an oil-gas-connate water system. | |
| Relative Permeability | KRG | Relative permeability of gas at the maximum gas saturation. |
| KRGR | Relative permeability of gas at the residual oil saturation or the critical water saturation in a gas-water run. | |
| KRORG | Relative permeability of oil at the critical gas saturation. | |
| Capillary Pressure | SGLPC | Capillary pressure connate gas saturation, that is the smallest gas saturation in a gas saturation function table. |Manual source: parts/chapters/subsections/8.3/HM.fodt
Variant 2 — REGIONS section
The HM series of keywords in the REGIONS section defines the history match gradient regions and sub-regions, for when the History Match Gradient option has been activated by the HMDIMS keyword in the RUNSPEC section.
This keyword is not supported by OPM Flow but has no effect on the results so it will be ignored.
For grid properties, the region name (or region property array) is based on the property arrays defined in Table 9.6.
Property
Array
Region
Name
Grid Property Data Desription
PERMX
HMPERMX
Permeability multipliers in the x-direction.
PERMXY
HMPRMXY
Permeability multipliers in the x-direction and y-direction
pERMY
HMPERMY
Permeability multipliers in the y-direction.
PERMZ
HMPERMZ
Permeability multipliers in the z-direction.
PORV
HMPORV
Pore volume multiplier
SIGMA
HMSIGMA
Dual porosity and/or dual permeability SIGMA multiplier
TRANX
HMTRANX
Transmissibility multipliers in the x-direction.
TRANXY
HMTRNXY
Transmissibility multipliers in the x-direction and y-direction
TRANY
HMTRANY
Transmissibility multipliers in the y-direction.
TRANZ
HMTRANZ
Transmissibility multipliers in the z-direction.
Table 9.6: HM Region Grid Gradient Parameter Keyword List
In addition, if the End-Point Scaling option has been activated by the ENDSCALE keyword in the RUNSPEC section, then the history match gradient regions and sub-regions for the end-point data can be specified. In this the keyword consists of the first two characters of “HM” followed by the end-point keyword (Table 9.7), for example, HMSWL.
Type
End-Point
Keyword
Oil-Water End-Point Definitions
Saturation
HMSWL
Connate water saturation, that is the smallest water saturation in a water saturation function table.
HMSWCR
Critical water saturation, that is the largest water saturation for which the water relative permeability is zero.
HMSOWCR
Critical oil-in-water saturation, that is the largest oil saturation for which the oil relative permeability is zero in an oil-water system.
Relative
Permeability
HMKRW
Relative permeability of water at the maximum water saturation (normally the maximum water saturation is one).
HMKRO
Relative permeability of oil at the maximum oil saturation.
HMKRWR
Relative permeability of water at the residual oil saturation or the residual gas saturation in a gas-water run.
HMKRORW
Relative permeability of oil at the critical water saturation.
Capillary
Pressure
HMSWLPC
Capillary pressure connate water saturation, that is the smallest water saturation in a water saturation function table.
Type
End-Point
Keyword
Gas-Oil End-Point Definitions
Saturation
HMSGL
Connate gas saturation, that is the smallest gas saturation in a gas saturation function table.
HMSGCR
Critical gas saturation, that is the largest gas saturation for which the gas relative permeability is zero.
HMSOGCR
Critical oil-in-gas saturation, that is the largest oil saturation for which the oil relative permeability is zero in an oil-gas-connate water system.
Relative
Permeability
HMKRG
Relative permeability of gas at the maximum gas saturation.
HMKRGR
Relative permeability of gas at the residual oil saturation or the critical water saturation in a gas-water run.
HMKRORG
Relative permeability of oil at the critical gas saturation.
Capillary
Pressure
HMSGLPC
Capillary pressure connate gas saturation, that is the smallest gas saturation in a gas saturation function table.
Table 9.7: HM Region End-Point Gradient Parameter Keyword List
Example
| Property Array | Region Name | Grid Property Data Desription |
|----------------|-------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| PERMX | HMPERMX | Permeability multipliers in the x-direction. |
| PERMXY | HMPRMXY | Permeability multipliers in the x-direction and y-direction |
| pERMY | HMPERMY | Permeability multipliers in the y-direction. |
| PERMZ | HMPERMZ | Permeability multipliers in the z-direction. |
| PORV | HMPORV | Pore volume multiplier |
| SIGMA | HMSIGMA | Dual porosity and/or dual permeability SIGMA multiplier |
| TRANX | HMTRANX | Transmissibility multipliers in the x-direction. |
| TRANXY | HMTRNXY | Transmissibility multipliers in the x-direction and y-direction |
| TRANY | HMTRANY | Transmissibility multipliers in the y-direction. |
| TRANZ | HMTRANZ | Transmissibility multipliers in the z-direction. |
| Type | End-Point Keyword | Oil-Water End-Point Definitions |
|-----------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Saturation | HMSWL | Connate water saturation, that is the smallest water saturation in a water saturation function table. |
| HMSWCR | Critical water saturation, that is the largest water saturation for which the water relative permeability is zero. | |
| HMSOWCR | Critical oil-in-water saturation, that is the largest oil saturation for which the oil relative permeability is zero in an oil-water system. | |
| Relative Permeability | HMKRW | Relative permeability of water at the maximum water saturation (normally the maximum water saturation is one). |
| HMKRO | Relative permeability of oil at the maximum oil saturation. | |
| HMKRWR | Relative permeability of water at the residual oil saturation or the residual gas saturation in a gas-water run. | |
| HMKRORW | Relative permeability of oil at the critical water saturation. | |
| Capillary Pressure | HMSWLPC | Capillary pressure connate water saturation, that is the smallest water saturation in a water saturation function table. |
| Type | End-Point Keyword | Gas-Oil End-Point Definitions |
| Saturation | HMSGL | Connate gas saturation, that is the smallest gas saturation in a gas saturation function table. |
| HMSGCR | Critical gas saturation, that is the largest gas saturation for which the gas relative permeability is zero. | |
| HMSOGCR | Critical oil-in-gas saturation, that is the largest oil saturation for which the oil relative permeability is zero in an oil-gas-connate water system. | |
| Relative Permeability | HMKRG | Relative permeability of gas at the maximum gas saturation. |
| HMKRGR | Relative permeability of gas at the residual oil saturation or the critical water saturation in a gas-water run. | |
| HMKRORG | Relative permeability of oil at the critical gas saturation. | |
| Capillary Pressure | HMSGLPC | Capillary pressure connate gas saturation, that is the smallest gas saturation in a gas saturation function table. |Manual source: parts/chapters/subsections/9.3/HM.fodt